1. Load Distribution：Spreads clamping force over a larger contact area to reduce surface pressure and prevent deformation or damage to connected components.
2. Surface Protection：Shields precision mounting faces from abrasion, gouging, and corrosion during assembly and operation.
3.Fastener Stability：Minimizes loosening of bolts/nuts under vibration and dynamic loads, maintaining joint integrity.
4. Gap Compensation：Fills minor gaps between mating surfaces to improve alignment and clamping consistency.
